1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的構(gòu)成
may/might have done可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生了某事
could have done本能夠做某事
can’t/couldn’t have done不可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生了某事
must have done一定已經(jīng)發(fā)生了某事
would have done本來會(huì)做某事
should/ought to have done本應(yīng)該做某事但沒有做
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done本不應(yīng)該做某事但做了
need have done本需要做某事但沒有做
needn’t have done 本不需要做某事但做了
2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的用法
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的用法主要包括兩個(gè)方面：一.表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)或假設(shè)；二.表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生事情的責(zé)備或遺憾。
①may/might have done可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生了某事。對(duì)過去所發(fā)生動(dòng)作的不太肯定的推測(cè)。用于肯定句中，may和might意思相同，但might可能性更小，多用于虛擬語氣中。
By expressing love for his children in such a special way, Tolkien?may indeed have been?the real Father Christmas. 通過這種特別的方式表達(dá)對(duì)孩子們的愛，托爾金可能真的是真正的圣誕老人。（新外研版必修二）
You can check his office. He?might have been?there already. 你可以去他的辦公室看看。他可能已經(jīng)到那兒了。
If he had been given more encouragement, he?might have made?greater progress. 如果給他更多的鼓勵(lì)，他可能會(huì)取得更大的進(jìn)步。（與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣）
②can/could have done本能夠做某事，can have done用于疑問句，表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生事情的懷疑。could have done用于虛擬語氣，表示對(duì)過去事情的假設(shè)，本來能夠做某事但沒有做。
There was no one in the house. Where?can he have gone? 房子里一個(gè)人也沒有。他會(huì)去哪里呢?
If he had worked harder, he?could have passed?the exam. 如果他再努力一點(diǎn)，他就能通過考試了。（與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣）
③can’t /couldn’t have done不可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生了某事，表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生的事情的否定推測(cè)，否定語氣較強(qiáng)。couldn’t have done比can’t have done語氣委婉一些。
He?couldn’t have left?for Shanghai, for I just saw him on the street. 他不可能去上海了，因?yàn)槲覄倓傇诮稚峡匆娝恕?/span>
④must have done一定已經(jīng)發(fā)生了某事,只用于肯定句中，表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生的事情的最肯定的推測(cè)，與can’t /couldn’t have done相對(duì)，表示不可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生了某事。
The street was wet, so it?must have rainedlast night. 街道是濕的，所以昨晚一定下雨了。
The children?must have been?very excited as they opened it. 孩子們打開它的時(shí)候一定很興奮。（新外研版必修二）
⑤would have done本來會(huì)做某事，用于虛擬語氣中，表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生的事情的假設(shè)。
I?would have gone?to Beijing yesterday, but I had something urgent to do. 我本來昨天要去北京的，但我有急事要做。
⑥should/ought to have done本應(yīng)該做某事但沒有做，表示對(duì)對(duì)方的指責(zé)或自責(zé)。用于肯定句和疑問句中。也可以表示可能性較小的推測(cè)。
You?should have arrived?on time yesterday. 你昨天應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)的。
You?ought to have told?me about it earlier. 你應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)告訴我這件事。
I?ought to have finished?the work last week. 我本應(yīng)該上周就完成這項(xiàng)工作的。
The new teaching building?should have been completed?by the end of this term. 新教學(xué)樓應(yīng)在本學(xué)期末完工。
⑦shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done本不應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際做了，表示對(duì)對(duì)方的指責(zé)或自責(zé)。
You?shouldn’t have watched?the football so late last night. 昨天晚上你不應(yīng)該看足球賽看得那么晚。
You?oughtn’t to have blamed?him too much. 你不應(yīng)該過分責(zé)備他。
⑧need have done表示本需要做某事但沒有做；needn’t have done 表示本不需要做某事但做了。
You?need have got?up early, in which case you wouldn’t have missed the train. 你本來需要早點(diǎn)起床，那樣你就不會(huì)誤了火車。
You?needn’t have come?so early, for the meeting has been postponed for two hours. 你沒必要來這么早，因?yàn)闀?huì)議已經(jīng)推遲了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。
